Women are one such group. A key reason is physical anatomy. Women have a shorter urethra, which cuts down on the distance bacteria must travel to reach the bladder. When treated promptly and properly, bladder infections rarely lead to complications. But left untreated, they can become something more serious. Complications may include:. Kidney infection. An untreated bladder infection can lead to kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis pie-uh-low-nuh-FRY-tis.
Kidney infections may permanently damage your kidneys. Young children and older adults are at the greatest risk of kidney damage from bladder infections because their symptoms are often overlooked or mistaken for other conditions.
Blood in the urine. With cystitis, you may have blood cells in your urine that can be seen only with a microscope microscopic hematuria and that usually resolves with treatment. If blood cells remain after treatment, your doctor may recommend a specialist to determine the cause. Blood in the urine that you can see gross hematuria is rare with typical, bacterial cystitis, but this sign is more common with chemotherapy- or radiation-induced cystitis.
Cranberry juice or tablets containing proanthocyanidin are often recommended to help reduce the risk of recurrent bladder infections for some women.
But research in this area is conflicting. Some smaller studies demonstrated a slight benefit, but larger studies found no significant benefit. As a home remedy, avoid cranberry juice if you're taking the blood-thinning medication warfarin Coumadin. Possible interactions between cranberry juice and warfarin can lead to bleeding. Although these preventive self-care measures aren't well-studied, doctors sometimes recommend the following for repeated bladder infections:.
Cystitis care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Cystitis sis-TIE-tis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Female urinary system Open pop-up dialog box Close. Female urinary system Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine. Male urinary system Open pop-up dialog box Close.
It does not spread in the body and does not seem to worsen with time. It is not a cause of bladder cancer. Though more research is needed, IC does not seem to affect fertility or the health of a fetus. For some women, the symptoms of IC improve or disappear during pregnancy; for other women, they get worse.
Read more information about interstitial cystitis. Symptoms The symptoms of interstitial cystitis IC vary from person to person. The same person may have different symptoms at different times. Sometimes, symptoms go away by themselves, but they also may return unexpectedly.
Symptoms often worsen during menstruation. Common symptoms range from mild discomfort, pressure and tenderness to intense pain in the bladder and the surrounding pelvic area. Diagnosing interstitial cystitis can be difficult, as there are a variety of symptoms associated with this condition. Many conditions and disorders must be ruled out before a diagnosis of IC can be considered, including the following:. Your physician has a number of diagnostic tools to help rule out other conditions and identify interstitial cystitis.
A urine sample is studied under a microscope to check for blood or bacteria in the urine which may indicate urinary tract infection, urinary tract stones or other problems. Urine culture. A urine sample is studied to determine if there is any bacteria growing in it. The onset can be variable. Hemorrhagic cystitis can occur during treatment, immediately following treatment, or the onset may be delayed for months following treatment.
While hemorrhagic cystitis can be a very serious condition leading to significant bleeding hemorrhage or life-threatening infection urosepsis , the majority of patients can be treated successfully. Oncology patients are at risk for developing this, but there can be other reasons it occurs. Risks include:. For patients receiving chemotherapy Cyclophasphamide and Ifosfamide , these drugs are broken down by the body into substances acrolein which when excreted from the body through the bladder can cause symptoms such as irritation to the lining of the bladder.
This irritation can be severe and cause ulceration resulting in significant bleeding. Treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis usually varies and there is no established protocol to treat hemorrhagic cystitis.
Often it may resolve on its own. Note: We strongly encourage you to talk with your health care professional about your specific medical condition and treatments. The information contained in this website about bladder problems and other medical conditions is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute for medical advice.
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