When Spanish Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, arrived in , the Incas were fighting amongst themselves in a fierce civil war between two sons of the Inca ruler Wayna Qhapaq. Pizarro skillfully persuaded some of the factions created by civil unrest to turn against their own people, successfully increasing his small army of only men.
Even with reinforcements, however, it still seems incredulous that a few hundred could defeat an empire of 40, Inca rulers and over 10 million subjects. Material power seems to have favored the Incas. The Spaniards succeeded, in part, because of their manipulation of ideological power , or the ability to have people readily accept your agenda, without considering other options. Sleep came fitfully, if at all. Everyone performed sentry rounds fully armed that night.
So also did the good old Governor, who went about encouraging the men. On that day, all were knights. The nerves were understandable. This was a sticky situation.
They were in the midst of a victorious army in full battle order, which Soto and Hernando Pizarro estimated at 40, effectives. One option was simply to attack the Incas from the off, to not wait for any provocation. Another option involved kidnapping Atahualpa; imprisoning the head of state had proved an effective exercise in Mexico.
The next morning, Atahualpa was in no rush to make his audience with the Spanish. It was a comparatively short distance to the town from the plain on which he was camped, but no move was made before lunchtime. By late afternoon, with the Sun low in the sky, he was still half a mile from the square and chose to make camp instead. The Spaniards grew even more anxious. Fearing an attack under cover of darkness, Pizarro despatched a messenger to urge Atahualpa to attend, issuing a promise that no harm would come to him.
He agreed. Leaving most of his armed soldiers on the plain, Atahualpa, dressed in his finery, was carried into Cajamarca, accompanied by around 5, men, who were largely unarmed, save for small battleaxes and slings. Arriving in the square, not a Spaniard was to be seen. The first to break cover was Friar Vincente de Valverde. In the Western world, time is a linear concept, where the past, the present and the future exist one after the other.
The Incas treated time much differently, seeing all three as occurring simultaneously, running in parallel. Rather than occupying a line, the Incas saw the three realms — or pacha — stacked on top of each other.
The hanan pacha was the upper realm, which represented the heavens and the future. The kay pacha was the physical world currently occupied, one that could be impacted by what was above or below it. At the bottom was the ukhupacha, representing the inner world — what had already been experienced internally. In direct contrast to the Western perception of time, the hanan pacha and the ukhupacha — the future and the past — were able to impact on and affect what was happening in the present.
When Atahualpa examined a Bible that Valverde had handed him and then threw it to the ground, the priest ran back towards the particular kallanka where Pizarro was waiting.
Come out, Christians! Sixty or so Spanish soldiers charged on horseback at the defenceless Incas, many of whom fled on their heels. Atahualpa himself later admitted he lost 7, soldiers that afternoon. Not a single Spaniard died. Atahualpa was able to make this admission because Pizarro had spared him his life, following through with the kidnap plan. Bergman, who was best known for her role as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca, created an international scandal in when she had a son with the Italian It would go on to cause deaths from Puerto Rico to New England over the next two weeks.
On August 31, Donna attained hurricane status and headed west toward the Richard Jewell, the hero security guard turned Olympic bombing suspect, dies at age 44 of natural causes at his Georgia home.
On July 27, , during the Summer Games in Atlanta, a pipe bomb with nails went off in crowded Centennial Olympic Park, killing one woman and injuring Confederate General Robert E. Frustrated with McClellan, who was GM , is born on August 29, , in Loudonville, Ohio. Of the patents Kettering obtained over the course of his lifetime, perhaps the most notable was his electric Live TV.
This Day In History. History Vault. Native American History. Vietnam War. Art, Literature, and Film History. Cold War. Sign Up. Civil War. President John F. Kennedy decides to increase military aid to South Vietnam without committing U. Kennedy was concerned at the advances being made by the communist Viet Cong, but did not want to become involved in a land war in Vietnam.
He hoped that the Did the young Austrian nun named Maria really take to the hills surrounding Salzburg to sing spontaneously of her love of music? On November 16, , a Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for his allegedly antigovernment activities linked to a radical intellectual group.
His execution is stayed at the last minute. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. On November 16, , the British author J. Based on the mega-best-selling fantasy novel of
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