British expeditionary troops, depleted after budget adjustments post, could barely hold back the insurgents' attacks. The operation was carried out on May 24, The bomber, piloted by two people, dropped four kilogram and sixteen 9-kilogram bombs on the emir's palace. The attack had a great psychological impact, and after a series of new bombings, the emir's troops capitulated in early June.
The message was resounding: the British had won a war by using a single aircraft, in a six-hour operation, with no casualties, minimal cost, and out-and-out efficiency.
European administrations began to invest in bombers and European air warfare experts developed theories about terror bombing, "total war," or the "mechanical army. Current Page The Bombing of Gernika. Five days later more than 50, civilians were dead. In March of that year, the U. After the raid, U. In this he was joined by George Bell, the Anglican bishop of Chichester, who would join him again in condemning weapons of indiscriminate destruction during the oncoming nuclear era.
Their opposition to the use of indiscriminate weaponry was, and still is, significant. During the cold war, it undercut the argument of some moralists that since the Soviet Union was a totalitarian society all of its citizens were, in effect, combatants.
A similar argument is being used today by terrorists fighting in Iraq, Israel and Lebanon in an attempt to justify morally the killing of civilians to achieve war aims. A few of them, however, have also drawn exonerative parallels between the impact of the bombing raids on the Germans and the impact of the death camps on Jews—as though one could equate the systematic extermination of six million Jews with the intentional, though random, killing of one-tenth of that number of Germans.
Perhaps the most influential book on terror bombing is the late W. An entirely different kind of book, a powerful memoir of life in Nazi Germany, appeared in This was the abridged edition of the invaluable diaries of Victor Klemperer, a Jew who described his escape from the Nazis and from future death in the camps during the chaos following the destruction of Dresden.
Thomas Aquinas enters the discussion as an early moralist who treated in detail the conditions required for the just need for fighting and the just means for attaining a likely victory.
Grayling also brings to the table calm reasonableness and logic, traits not always apparent in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq, when American aficionados of realpolitik contorted just war principles to sustain ideological positions. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Advertisement Hide. Authors Authors and affiliations Stephen A. A combination of incendiary and explosive bombs was dropped on the central area of the city.
Approximately 74 percent of the most densely populated section of Hamburg was destroyed. July 7, Three near-simultaneous bombs on London transportation system, followed by another bombing less than an hour later, kill more than 50, wound over ; al-Qa'ida claims responsibility.
February 10, IRAQ: Unknown group bombs job applicants at police station, killing 55 and wounding January 31, US: Richard Reid, failed "shoe bomber" who attempted to bring down American Airlines flight 63 in December , is sentenced to life in prison.
December 22, US: Richard Reid attempts to detonate a bomb on board American Airlines flight 63 but is subdued by passengers. Two hostages and one hijacker killed, remaining hostages released. February 19, UK: Terrorism Act enacted. Ostroe and German Dirk Hasert in Kashmir. February 7, UK: Attack on No.
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